Analysis of Results

Overview

This lesson is about turning a table of results into something you can interpret. A good graph makes patterns easier to see, helps you calculate gradients, and gives you evidence for a conclusion.

What You Need to Know

• Put the independent variable on the x-axis and the dependent variable on the y-axis.
• Choose a scale that uses most of the graph paper and is easy to read.
• Plot points carefully using small crosses or dots.
• A line of best fit should follow the overall pattern, not simply join every point.
• The gradient tells you how quickly the y-variable changes compared with the x-variable.
• A directly proportional relationship gives a straight line through the origin.
• An inverse relationship means one variable decreases as the other increases.

How to Work Through It

1. Start by identifying the independent and dependent variables in a results table.
2. Set up the graph with labelled axes, units, and sensible scales.
3. Plot the data and draw a line or curve of best fit.
4. Use the graph to describe the trend, calculate a gradient, or identify proportionality.

Check Your Understanding

• Which variable goes on the x-axis?
• Does your scale use most of the graph paper?
• How do you know whether a relationship is directly proportional?
• What two points should you choose when calculating a gradient?

Common Mistakes

• Using uneven scales or changing the scale halfway along an axis.
• Forgetting units in axis labels.
• Joining every point with straight lines when a best-fit line is needed.
• Calculating gradient using points from the data table instead of clear points on the best-fit line.

Next Steps

• Complete the measurement homework to practise reading and interpreting graphs.
• Keep your graphing checklist because you will use the same habits in later practical questions.